Raumschach
Three-Dimensional Chess · 1907

Raumschach (German for "Space Chess") is a game of three-dimensional chess by Ferdinand Maack (1861–1930). It is the first 3D variant of chess with complete rules that are extant.

Play as:
AI strength: Easy
BeginnerEasyNormalHard
Show AI strength descriptions ▾
Beginner — plays randomly from legal moves; good for learning the pieces and rules.
Easy — looks 2 moves ahead; plays reasonable moves instantly.
Normal — looks 3 moves ahead; a genuine challenge, thinks for a second or two.
Hard — looks 4 moves ahead; uses the full evaluation function; may take several seconds per move.

Maackesgeist (the “Spirit of Maack”) is the name of this Raumschach engine. It uses minimax with alpha-beta pruning and evaluates positions according to the piece value hierarchy of Vol. VI — The Piece Monographs of The Complete Raumschach Theoretical Series (Claude, 2026): Queen = 12.0 P, Rook = 5.0 P, Unicorn = 4.0 P, Bishop = Knight = 3.5 P. Positional bonuses are applied based on centrality.
Show piece movement rules ▾
Movement is explained best in relation to a cube. A cube has 6 faces, 12 edges, and 8 corners.

Rook (R; ♖ ♜) — moves through faces of a cube.
Bishop (B; ♗ ♝) — moves through edges of a cube.
Unicorn (U; ♘ ♞) — moves through corners of a cube.
Queen (Q; ♛ ♕) — moves as a Rook, Bishop, or Unicorn.
King (K; ♚ ♔) — moves as a Queen but only 1 step.
Knight (N; ♘ ♞) — moves 2 steps through a face, then 1 step through an orthogonal face, leaping from its origin to its destination.
Pawn (P; ♙ ♟) — moves 1 step to advance through a face toward its promotion rank, which is level E rank 5 (White) or level A rank 1 (Black). Thus a white pawn at Cc3 has 2 possible moves: forward (Cc4) or upward (Dc3). Or, each pawn moves 1 step to capture through an edge toward its promotion rank. Thus a white pawn at Cc3 has 5 possible captures: Cb4, Cd4, Db3, Dc4, Dd3.
Calculate Elo[R] rating change ▾
InterRaum rating system — EloR
Player A
vs
Player B
Result:
Player A →
Player B →
K-factor: 40 (< 30 rated games)   20 (30+ games, rating < 2200)   10 (30+ games, rating ≥ 2200). Starting rating: 1500. Titles: RSM at EloR 2200+   GRSM at EloR 2400+ (50+ games).
The History of Raumschach InterRaum Raumschach Humor
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Raumschach
White to move
White captured:
Black captured:
Move List: How to read the move list ▾
Move notation: PieceLevelFileRank – LevelFileRank  (Maack, 1909)
Piece letters: R = Rook   B = Bishop   U = Unicorn   Q = Queen   K = King   N = Knight   P = Pawn
Levels: A (bottom, White home) through E (top, Black home)
Example: NAb1–Bc3 — Knight on level A, file b, rank 1 moves to level B, file c, rank 3
Capture: Replace – with ×   e.g. RAa1×Ba1
Promotion: Append =Q   e.g. PEa4–Ea5=Q
Check — King is in check; game continues. e.g. QBc1–Cc4
Boardmate †† — King in check, mated on its current level, but may flee to an adjacent level; game continues.
Spacemate ††† — Full checkmate; no legal escape in any direction. Game over.
Stalemate — No legal moves, not in check. Game drawn. (Our addition; Maack did not symbolize stalemate.)
Move numbers count White’s move first, then Black’s; e.g. 1. NAb1–Bc3   NEb5–Dd3
Full move list:
Copy the move list to save or study this game.